Bermuda Economic Substance Requirements, established under the Economic Substance Act 2018, mandate that all Bermuda-registered entities conducting relevant activities — such as banking, insurance, IP holding, or fund management — must demonstrate genuine local substance. This includes performing Core Income Generating Activities (CIGA) in Bermuda, maintaining a qualified resident representative, adequate local employees, physical office premises, and submitting an annual compliance filing to the Bermuda Registrar of Companies.